Chemical Structure & Composition

Acrylic Acid (AA), with the molecular formula C₃H₄O₂, is an organic compound characterized by a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to a carbon-carbon double bond. This structure classifies it as an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, enabling it to undergo various chemical reactions such as polymerization and esterification.

  • CAS Number: 79-10-7
  • Molecular Weight: 72.06 g/mol
  • IUPAC Name: Prop-2-enoic acid
  • Synonyms: 2-Propenoic acid, Acrylic acid

Physical & Chemical Properties

  • Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
  • Boiling Point: 141°C
  • Melting Point: 13–14°C
  • Density: 1.049 g/cm³ at 20°C
  • Flash Point: 57°C
  • Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, and most organic solvents
  • Vapor Pressure: 2.5 mmHg at 20°C
  • Odor: Pungent, acrid

Applications

Acrylic Acid serves as a versatile monomer and intermediate in various industrial applications:

  1. Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs):

    • Personal Hygiene Products: Used in the production of diapers, adult incontinence products, and feminine hygiene items.

    • Agricultural Applications: Employed in water retention systems for soil and horticultural products.

  2. Coatings and Paints:

    • Waterborne Coatings: Enhances adhesion, flexibility, and chemical resistance in water-based paints and coatings.

    • Protective Coatings: Improves durability and corrosion resistance in industrial coatings.

  3. Adhesives and Sealants:

    • Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: Provides tackiness and shear strength in adhesive formulations.

    • Construction Sealants: Enhances adhesion to various substrates and improves flexibility.

  4. Water Treatment:

    • Flocculants: Used in water treatment processes to aggregate and remove suspended particles.

    • Dispersants: Prevents scale formation and improves efficiency in water systems.

  5. Textile and Leather Industry:

    • Fabric Treatments: Imparts water repellency and stain resistance to textiles.

    • Leather Coatings: Enhances the durability and appearance of leather products.

  6. Pharmaceuticals:

    • Controlled Release Systems: Used in the formulation of drug delivery systems for controlled release of active ingredients.

Safety and Handling

  • Storage: Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat and ignition sources.

  • Handling: Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.

  • Incompatibilities: Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases.

  • First Aid Measures: In case of contact, immediately flush with plenty of water and seek medical attention if necessary.

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